Computer Technology Essay -- Technology, Data Modeling

Computer technology is one of the most essential in the world of today. It has become an important tool in varieties applications. There have two main areas which based on the computer technology to accomplish in their systems, these are the data model and the data classification. In terms of The data modelling, it is a way to simplify the real system by using the abstract representation. Birta and Arbez (2007:p. 6) state that data modelling has replaced the real system by describing with a simple technical way instead of find out the results by using experiments. There is a variety of benefits why the experiment has been replaced by data modelling. It could come from a higher cost of investment, a dangerous of experiments or those experiments use a long time to test the system. The role of data model has been used in a wide range of possible areas. However, the principal application is to support the business processes of an organization, such as product manufacturing or payment of insurance and taxes. Turning to the data classification, Vellante (2009) refers to the data and information classification is that The rules and the processes to classify a large scale of information which can be manipulated and managed more efficiently following to require. In addition, the usefulness of data classification is that it can prepare an organization to get information and solves specific requirements efficiently. | Regarding the title, this issue focuses on several criteria of data modeling and data classification. Firstly, the essential criteria of data modelling involve a criterion of cost, a dangerous criterion and the criterion of non-existing system. Secondly, the data classification highlights in criterion of the classes ... ...ms the data model is an advantageous tool to replace all RFID standard and logistic process. Zacharewicz, et al. (2011:p 597) agree with Bottani1’s point by considering the data modelling and distribute simulation should be a preceding procedure to assist dimension and validation behavior before developing a real logistics and chain management systems. In this regard, a main advantage of modelling has been found in its capability to investigate the complex systems. It could be very useful to understand the practical implications of the technology. Other reasons of modelling are that due to high economic investment to comparison the RFID system with others solutions such as barcodes. Finally, it is really as economic risk if implement of RFID solutions in a real transportation or supply chain cases without knowledge the advantages and limits of this technology. Computer Technology Essay -- Technology, Data Modeling Computer technology is one of the most essential in the world of today. It has become an important tool in varieties applications. There have two main areas which based on the computer technology to accomplish in their systems, these are the data model and the data classification. In terms of The data modelling, it is a way to simplify the real system by using the abstract representation. Birta and Arbez (2007:p. 6) state that data modelling has replaced the real system by describing with a simple technical way instead of find out the results by using experiments. There is a variety of benefits why the experiment has been replaced by data modelling. It could come from a higher cost of investment, a dangerous of experiments or those experiments use a long time to test the system. The role of data model has been used in a wide range of possible areas. However, the principal application is to support the business processes of an organization, such as product manufacturing or payment of insurance and taxes. Turning to the data classification, Vellante (2009) refers to the data and information classification is that The rules and the processes to classify a large scale of information which can be manipulated and managed more efficiently following to require. In addition, the usefulness of data classification is that it can prepare an organization to get information and solves specific requirements efficiently. | Regarding the title, this issue focuses on several criteria of data modeling and data classification. Firstly, the essential criteria of data modelling involve a criterion of cost, a dangerous criterion and the criterion of non-existing system. Secondly, the data classification highlights in criterion of the classes ... ...ms the data model is an advantageous tool to replace all RFID standard and logistic process. Zacharewicz, et al. (2011:p 597) agree with Bottani1’s point by considering the data modelling and distribute simulation should be a preceding procedure to assist dimension and validation behavior before developing a real logistics and chain management systems. In this regard, a main advantage of modelling has been found in its capability to investigate the complex systems. It could be very useful to understand the practical implications of the technology. Other reasons of modelling are that due to high economic investment to comparison the RFID system with others solutions such as barcodes. Finally, it is really as economic risk if implement of RFID solutions in a real transportation or supply chain cases without knowledge the advantages and limits of this technology.

Easton Baseball Bats vs. Demarini Baseball Bats

Ever since the invention of the metal bat, creators have been perfecting the specific ingredients to it in order to create the best performance possible for an athlete. Over the past decade, two particular brands of baseball bats have revolutionized the way that players hit the baseball and perform at high levels. The common brands for baseball players are the Demarini and Easton brand baseball bats. Not only are both baseball bats reliable, they also perform at the highest level to create exemplary satisfaction. But an argument remains for both bats; which is the most reliable, which bat is the most effective on the field, and which bat do the players prefer the most? The elements of these particular brands are corresponding in a way to create an exceptional evaluation, but based on overall performance and player nostalgia the Easton bat has the upper hand. The Demarini brand of bats was established with the common goal in mind of revolutionizing the feel of the ball off the bat, and ultimately increasing the velocity of the ball off the bat. As a result, the manufacturer conjured the idea of â€Å"composite† metal, which is a softer and more flexible metal then the normal aluminum used in bats from the past. The baseball would basically bounce off this new type of bat with higher velocity. The composite idea took off, and soon players all over the world loved the feel of this now material as it struck a baseball. Climactically, the new Demarini bat was a better performer on the baseball field than its counterparts; with the exception of the Easton brand. As a result to the evolutional upgrade to the Demarini baseball bat, Easton turned the competition up a notch with the creation of stronger, more reliable bats that lasted a player several years of pertinent performance. Demarini bats were known to crack and lose â€Å"pop† over time, even with the risk of completely breaking! Easton bats were now tougher and more durable than the competitors, specifically Demarini. They also created the perfect balance on the baseball bat. Some bats feel â€Å"top heavy† (more weight is on the end of the bat causing an uneven swing), but Easton perfected balance creating more weight towards the handle. With the upgrades established by Easton, they were now on top of the baseball performance mountain, and no one has touched them to this day. Players across the nation and world have enjoyed the Easton bat’s performance on the field. Organizations have committed specifically to reviewing and studying the performance of baseball bats. According to baseballbat-reviews. com: Easton has produced top-of-the-line sporting equipment and for years has been one of America’s first choices, especially when it comes to aluminum baseball bats. There is no doubt [sic] all of Easton baseball bats will get the job done. Players have also personally shown their appreciation of the Easton baseball bat and how it has improved their performance on the field. John Stalton in Littleton, CO stated to Easton’s personal website, â€Å"†¦this is the best bat I have ever used over the course of 3 years; I will never buy a different brand of bat. † Player nostalgia is the most important argument to proving the level of performance a baseball bat brings to the table, and Easton went above-and-beyond in customer satisfaction. Demarini had many player disapprovals regarding reliability and, sometimes, performance. John Stalton said, â€Å"I have tried to use a Demarini, but it created too many problems. After 2 weeks, there was a rattling in the bat when I swung it. † Performance and reliability are the two major components to how bats are evaluated by players in modern day baseball. The Demarini and Easton brand baseball bats have been widely praised for their performance on the field, but no other brand can compare to Easton’s reliability to the players. Players have voiced their opinions regarding the performance and reliability of these particular brands, and a result; the Easton baseball bat has been considered the best metal bat in baseball today.

Persuasive Essay On Civil Disobedience - 992 Words

Martin Luther King Jr., the most important Civil Rights leader, once said â€Å"One has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.† Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most influential individuals in United States history, and is still recognized today for his peaceful approach on change. He believed that it was the peoples’ job to point out the flaws of society, and hold the government accountable for them. Many say that it is not the peoples’ responsibility to take this kind of action; however, no one has the leverage that the people do. The heart is to the body as the citizens are to the country. Without the active engagement of the people in the system, the country would fall flat of its responsibilities. With the absence of civil†¦show more content†¦It is through protest that the government is able to recognize what the people believe. Without this there would be no changes, no reconsideration, and no progress. Similar to protests, rebellion s evoke change in the system through peace. If words are not enough, often times citizens take matters into their own hands. The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the 1963 March on Washington are both famous examples. Without violence, the famous bus boycott drew the attention of the Supreme Court. In 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that the laws segregating African Americans on Montgomery buses were unconstitutional; consequently, this was a large victory for the African Americans, and propelled their case for equal rights. In 1963, the world was no so peaceful for African Americans. Violent attacks on peaceful demonstrators were consuming the deep south, and this called for a mass protest march into Washington D.C. This peaceful demonstration drew the attention of John F. Kennedy, and provoked him to pass a federal civil rights bill later that year. The success of peaceful rebellions is explicitly shown through these two examples, which both brought on major changes. Civil disobedience is like a construction site. It is long and occasionally messy, but the outcome that results is without a doubt worth the initial troubles. The refusal to comply with unjust laws is what drives the UnitedShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Civil Disobedience819 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever heard of civil disobedience? It is a way of peaceful protest that has been used successfully in the past and in the present. Walkouts, boycotts, and marches are all forms of civil disobedience that have been used and are currently being used. During past four years, there have been womens rights marches, pro-choice marches, and kneeling during the national anthem. These are people that are actively trying to create a fair society themselves and for the people around them. As the realRead More Evaluation of Dworkins and Habermass Approach to Civil Disobedience1624 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluation of Dworkins and Habermass Approach to Civil Disobedience The following essay will attempt to evaluate the approach taken by Dworkin and Habermas on their views of civil disobedience. The two main pieces of literature referred to will be Dworkin?s paper on Civil Disobedience and Nuclear Protest? and Habermass paper on Civil Disobedience: Litmus Test for the Democratic Constitutional State. An outline of both Dworkins and Habermass approach will be given , further discussionRead More Comparing Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience and Kings Letter From a Birmingham Jail1043 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther Kings Letter From a Birmingham Jail The two essays, Civil Disobedience, by Henry David Thoreau, and Letter From a Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King, Jr., effectively illustrate the authors opinions of justice. Each author has his main point; Thoreau, in dealing with justice as it relates to government, asks for not at once no government, but at once a better government. King contends that injustice anywhere is a threatRead More Henry David Thoreaus Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail820 Words   |  4 PagesHenry David Thoreaus Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther Kings Letter from Birmingham Jail Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, in â€Å"Civil Disobedience† and â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† respectively, both conjure a definitive argument on the rights of insubordination during specified epochs of societal injustice. Thoreau, in his enduring contemplation of life and its purpose, insightfully analyzes the conflicting relationship between the government and the people it governs. He consideratelyRead MoreComparative Essay on Henry David Thoreau in Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther King in Letter from Birmingham Jail820 Words   |  4 PagesHenry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, in Civil Disobedience and Letter from Birmingham Jail, respectively, both conjure a definitive argument on the rights of insubordination during specified epochs of societal injustice. Thoreau, in his enduring contemplation of life and its purpose, insightfully analyzes the conflicting relationship between the government and the people it governs. He considerately evokes the notion that the majority of people are restrained by the government and societyRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. And Henry David Thoreau1311 Words   |  6 Pageseverything the general will†, however, it was not always the case, according to influential American authors and civil rights activists Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry David Thoreau. Although both of their works were written over a century apart, one cannot deny the fact that both of them successfully and nonviolently converted their ideology into action using different methods of civil disobedience. Their goal was to fight for a better just system of law and restore faith in humanity. Despite their differentRead MoreCompare And Contrast Martin Luther King And Thoreau Civil Disobedience1497 Words   |  6 PagesThoreau’s â€Å"Civil Disobedience† collectively persuade their audiences to disobey authority when it concerns social injustice. King takes a more assertive yet respectful approa ch, and makes it a point to explicate the intolerable treatment that the black community had to endure under the encroachment of segregation laws. In addition, Thoreau expounds why it is so important for citizens to object and take action upon the corrupt laws that the government had imposed on the blacks, insisting that civil disobedienceRead MoreThoreau And King s Ideas On Civil Disobedience1267 Words   |  6 PagesComparing and Contrasting: Thoreau and King’s Ideas on Civil Disobedience Henry David Thoreau was born in 1817, a time where slavery was legal. In 1849 Thoreau published an essay â€Å"Civil Disobedience† which explains his idea that the government is much more harmful than helpful and that man has the right to disobey the government when he feels it is being unjust, in his case it was slavery, American Imperialism, and the Mexican-American War. Martin Luther King Jr. was born in 1929, 64 years afterRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Thoreau’s â€Å"Civil Disobedience†1570 Words   |  7 PagesThoreau’s â€Å"Civil Disobedience† Directions: Read â€Å"Civil Disobedience.† As you read, underline examples of Thoreau using rhetorical devices and identify and explain the devices via annotation. Answer questions 1-4 to prepare for further work with a small group. The group will work together on questions 5 through 8. Be ready to explain your answers to the whole class. Even when you’re working as a group you should be writing the answers. 1. Based on your reading of â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† whatRead MoreHenry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King, Jr.s Justification of Defying Unjust Laws1820 Words   |  8 Pages In his famous essay, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,’’ Martin Luther King, Jr. cites conscience as a guide to obeying just laws and defying unjust laws. In the same way, Henry David Thoreau wrote in his famous essay, â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† that people should do what their conscience tells them and not obey unjust laws. The positions of the two writers are very close; they use a common theme of conscience, and they use a similar rhetorical appeal of ethos. In â€Å"Civil Disobedience† Thoreau claims

Sexual Objectification Of Rape Culture - 1612 Words

â€Å"You were asking for it,† is one the most shared comments and viewpoints expressed towards women who have been sexually assaulted or raped. According to â€Å"The Criminal Justice System: Statistics | RAINN,† 994 perpetrators out of 1000 rape cases will walk free; and every 108 seconds a sexual assault is committed. You may have heard of rape culture on the news, social media, and/or online, but rape culture isn’t just some group of people or a society, but rather the concept of rape culture means we have familiarized ourselves and have come to terms with rape and have made it our norm in society or our culture. We have learned to brush it under the carpet, and often joke about it, and even go so far as to blame the victim for the attack. The†¦show more content†¦It is quite evident that such popular culture is the most influencing for the rape culture. Rape, as defined by Merriam-Webster is, â€Å"An outrageous violation; unlawful sexual intercou rse or any other sexual penetration of the vagina, anus, or mouth of another person, with or without force, by a sex organ, another body part, or foreign object, without the consent of the victim.† Thus, if we were to combine the definition of culture and rape, then the definition would state, in short, rape culture is an integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior. Now that we understand the definition, we must now look at the influences. â€Å"Becoming a donor is probably your only chance to get inside her (Akalin).† No, you read that correctly, yet maybe inappropriately. This quote was displayed in an advertisement for none other than the Organ Donor Foundation. In this ad, it displays the quote, previously mentioned, directly to the side of a woman wearing lingerie. If that’s not objectifying, then I don’t know what is. Another popular ad, questioned by the article Product For Sale: Sex or Cologne? emphasizes sexual objectification more directly in an ad for Tom Ford perfume. Here, a woman is nude and covered with oil squeezing a bottle of perfume between her breasts, and another version shows the same woman squeezing the same bottle between herShow MoreRelatedDress Codes For The Real World Essay1740 Words   |  7 Pages Disguised as guidelines for the real world, dress codes hold a significant part in the role of rape culture. Students of the public-school system are told that dress codes are here to prepare students for outside job responsibilities and most notably, to promote self-respect. However, dress codes target young girls by telling them if they are wearing a certain top or type of pants, they are not respecting themselves. This is a PG way of saying that â€Å"boys will be boys†, so if they get distractedRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Women s Self Esteem1327 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscuss the sexual objectification of women presented in the media and later examine how individuals have taken th is matter into their own hands, and are using social media to create positive change. The media promotes low self esteem among women because it presents one image of beauty, one that women can not live up to. This causes harm to women’s mental health as they are being compared to a standard of beauty that is simply unattainable. â€Å"Body image develops partly as a function of culture in responseRead MoreMedia Objectification of Women1389 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Objectification of Women â€Å"Dreamworlds 3† To be sociologically mindful is to look for patterns in the society, observe all sides of the social life, ask questions, and seek answers. Being sociologically mindful can lead us to looking into matters that are complex and allow us the opportunity to understand the mechanism behind the division of our society. Race and gender seems to be the most obvious divide lines for this society. While race can sometimes be overlooked in society, discriminationRead MoreThe Song Released By R B Singer1747 Words   |  7 PagesWilliams and T.I., called â€Å"Blurred Lines† was one of the top singles of 2013. While it became very popular and received a lot of praise, it was also criticized for its rough sexual implications throughout the song. The song describes Thicke telling a young woman that while she refuses to admit it, she really wants to have sexual relations with him. This creates the concept of blurred lines because Thicke believes the woman secretly wants to say yes versus he r actually saying no. In the main unratedRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Discrimination1429 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience gender-biased situations like sexual objectification as a consequence of normalization of the prominent rape culture. Rape culture was coined by American feminists in the late 1900’s to project how society condones, primarily male, sexual violence and incriminates female victims for sexual attacks (Prochuk).Caroline Kitchens, a research assistant at American Enterprise Institute, claims rape culture is a theory dramatized by radical feminists and while rape is a problem, there is no evidenceRead MoreSex : Sex And Sex Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesSex and sex culture has become more casual and easier to discuss over the years. With pre-marital sex becoming more acceptable, there’s been an influx in â€Å"hooking up†, one night stands, and even rape and sexual assault. Sex was solely meant for procreation circa 1900’s but over time sex has regained its true connotation of being pleasurable but with a stigma. Sex nowadays has become more of a male thing. With society being heavily satiated in the media, women are now seen as objects. The pleasureRead MoreObjectification Is A Word That Has Many Negative Connotations1029 Words   |  5 PagesObjectification is a word that has many negative connotations. Nussbaum identifies objectification â€Å"as a pejorative term, connoting a way of speaking, thinking, and acting that the speaker finds morally or socially objectionable, usually, though not always, in the sexual realm.† Nussbaum’s definition is vague, like many of her other works, and places the connotation of the word itself into the â€Å"speaker’s† own hands. While it is good to allow wiggle room for concepts, an act which allows them to beRead MoreAnalysis on Fraternities and Rape on Campus Essay examples873 Words   |  4 PagesThe first main sociological question in the F raternities and Rape on Campus study performed by Patricia Yancey Martin and Robert A. Hummer was, What characteristics do fraternities have that make them prone to objectification of women and more likely to commit gang rape on college campuses and why fraternities encourage the sexual coercion of women. According to Martin and Hummer (1989: 459), fraternities are vitally concerned Ââ€" more than anything else Ââ€" with masculinity (cf. Kanin 1967).Read MoreCambodia: A Place of Countless Struggles1545 Words   |  6 Pages Alongside many countries in Asia, Cambodia is a place of countless struggles. Poverty, lack of education, abuse, and sexual trafficking consume most of Cambodia, and the government continues to let these issues flourish. One of the most prominent problems Cambodia battles with is the sex industry, with prostitution and trafficking rates skyrocketing. According to recent human trafficking statistics, an immense amount of victims are sexually trafficked and exploited in Cambodia each year, but 80%Read MoreWomen Objectification Of Women1524 Words   |  7 Pagesnegative message that advertising portrays is objectification of women and violence towards them. Women and girls need to recognize the true meaning behind the advertisements that we see in all aspects of media. They should not allow themselves to be objectified in any way, nor accept that this is the way the female gender is portrayed. Violence against females is a worldwide yet still hidden problem. Freedom from the threat of harassment, battering, and sexual assault is a concept that most of us have

School Safety And Security Has Been An Issue On Many...

Beginning at the turn of the century, school safety and security has been an issue on many administrators’ minds. There have been over one hundred and forty school shootings since the turn of the century and the whole country is on watch. The most recent event at Sandy Hook made the citizens of America plead with the government for stricter laws, and safer schools. Is the Government doing enough to provide the right schools with the right resources? In April 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold walked into Columbine high school and opened fire. The two seniors students killed thirteen people, and injured twenty-two before turning the guns on themselves. This tragic massacre was the first event of its kind that attracted widespread media coverage. Since the event, there have been over one hundred and forty such school shootings. Many people debate weather the government is doing enough to impede school shootings. After the Sandy Hook tragedy, President Obama said â€Å"We won ’t be able to stop every violent act, but if there is even one thing that we can do to prevent any of these events, we have a deep obligation, all of us, to try†(whitehouse.gov.) Which sparked â€Å"Now is the time† which was proposed by Vice President Biden to President Obama. â€Å"Now is the time† is a multistep plan to reduce such events. First, the President urged congress to pass legislation to prevent sales of firearms without a background check. Second, he urged a stronger background check system, such asShow MoreRelatedSchool Security Issues And Outcomes1055 Words   |  5 Pages School Security Issues and Outcomes Brenda Colon-Santos ¬Ã‚ ¬ University of Central Florida â€Æ' Abstract This paper explores security issues among every school in the nation. Although, several schools have taken steps to make their school safer. Some fear that it is not enough, while others feel they have done too much. Most schools have enforced stricter polices such as dress codes. While others have encouraged teachers to carry handguns in schools. There has been a lot of national debateRead MoreEssay on Developing and Maintaining Safe Schools1507 Words   |  7 PagesSafe Schools There is no greater challenge that exists today than creating safe schools. It is difficult for children to learn in an environment that is unsafe and when they feel at risk. It is hard to keep staff on task when they fear for their own safety. One out of twelve students who stay away from school do so because of fear. In an ideal world, you would like to prevent all school crime and ensure the safety of studentsRead More Searching in Schools Essay1741 Words   |  7 PagesSearching in Schools The U.S. Supreme Court and state courts have very gently both bestowed and limited Fourth Amendment rights upon public school students in a series of cases over several decades. Recent cases may indicate that the delicate balance between student rights and school safety procedures is strongly leaning towards the rights of school authorities to actively isolate and reduce perceived causes of school violence. Starting in 1968 and culminating in 1984, the law of the land concerningRead MoreArmed Teachers: Superheroes of the Future?1364 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered outcasts, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, walked into Columbine High School in Colorado, opened fire and murdered twelve students, one teacher, while injuring twenty-four additional students before turning the gun on themselves. In 2007, Seung-Hui Choo, a senior at Virginia Tech, shot and killed thirty-two people and injured seventeen others, before turning the gun on himself. It was the deadliest mass shooting at a school in United States history. In 2012, Adam Lanza, shot and killed his motherRead MoreSynopsis Of 1000 Instruction901 Words   |  4 Pagescontains a wide array of allocations. Each allocation has a specific purpose in maintain the operational system of the school. The following is a brief synopsis of each fund. The majority of the budget is placed in the instructional fund. This fund allows for additional classroom resources. These resources may include paper supplies, lab equipment, calculators, and any other necessity of individual programs. Without some allocation for supplies, many classes would not operate correctly. Allocation alsoRead MoreThe Selection Process Of An Organization1164 Words   |  5 Pageswith resumes. After which an interview is scheduled with the qualified ones. Organizations may also administer drug test, physical test and many more. This helps them choose the extra ordinary candidates and then an offer is made (Megan, D, 2014, ch.5 p.120). After which some organizations choose to have background checks, drug test, physical test, and many more. Those who pass would officially become employees of the organization. Prior to their first day, employees are made to go through orientationRead MoreThe Influence Of The Jeanne Clery Act1541 Words   |  7 Pagesimprove campus safety. The Clery Act requires that all colleges and universities that are federally funded to release statistical information about crimes that happen on or near their campus (Clery Center, n.d.). In 1988, the initial groundwork for the Clery Act passed in Pennsylvania (PA). Called the College and University Security Act, the act required that PA institutions must report statistics of crime, provide detailed descriptions of policies concerning safety and security, and keep an openRead MoreSchool Uniforms: Dealing With Discrimination Upholding Individuality1647 Words   |  7 PagesHigh School Musical, one flip on Seventeen Magazine, and one walk at a school hallway are all it takes to make a student be aware of how hell it feels like to be stared at and insulted by the other students if he/she wears this humongous thick glasses, knee-high socks, and clothes repeated last week. Media has influenced a lot of today’s trends and ideologies. Adolescents, being on the psychological level of self-identification, bring this perspective of fashion and social classes at school. TheRead MoreA Research Study On Safe And Secure Schools Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagesconceptual fr amework developed from the reviewed literature. 1.2 Background to the Study Safe and secure schools are fundamental to students school successes and achievements. Providing a safe and orderly school environment should remain an ever-present priority of the school administration (Nthenya, 2011). Despite the importance of safety to every School, insecurity is still high. There has been a rise of pupils injured (Omolo and Simatwa, 2010). According to Kukali (2013) educational institutionsRead MoreResearch Paper Bullying1634 Words   |  7 PagesStrategies to Prevent Bullying One in five children between the ages of ten and eighteen, have been bullied both inside and outside of school. Government officials, and school administrators, are taking strides to prevent the act of bullying. Laws and anti-bully programs are being passed all over the United States to stop the bullying epidemic. There are bullies all over, torturing children for things such as appearance, sexual orientation, race, personality and much more. Due to these bullies, children

The Net Present Value method Free Essays

1. Net Present Value Approach The Net Present Value method, which abides with the time value of money principle, is a capital expenditure appraisal method, which seeks the total future net cash inflow/outflow the project will provide in today’s terms.   Indeed, the expected net cash inflow/outflow of every year is discounted with a cost of capital rate determined by the company. We will write a custom essay sample on The Net Present Value method or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is not standard cost of capital that can be used, because it is different for every organization and project undertaken.   The main components of discounting are the inflation rate, the risk-free component, general risk premium and property-specific risk premium.   These stem from the cost derived from the finance medium selected, risk of the project failing to provide the anticipated cash inflows and the rate of return attained from comparable capital projects.   The factors mentioned above will differ between companies and projects, thus substantiating the point of no standard discount rate. Both the net present method and the other techniques described below hold the following assumptions: †¢ Uncertainty does not exist.   Random and unexpected fluctuations are therefore not considered in the capital expenditure appraisal method. †¢   A perfect capital market exists, which implies that unlimited funds can be obtained with the market rate of interest set. The higher the net present value attained, the more financially viable is the project at hand.   With the exception of the time value of money concept, no other qualitative characteristics are considered by this method. 1.1   Internal Rate of Return This method also uses the time value of money concept.   Under this technique, the discounted cash flow principle is applied in a less practical way.   The internal rate of return is determined in this method normally by trial and error.   This is the point at which the projects will break-even leading to a zero net present value.   A capital project is financially viable if the internal rate of return is greater than the discount factor applied for the project.   In fact, the higher the internal rate of return the greater the financial feasibility of the project at hand, because the higher is the margin of safety of the project not incurring a loss. 1.2   Modified Internal Rate of Return As its name implies this is a modified capital expenditure appraisal technique of the method described in the previous section.   The modification mainly stems from compounding all positive cash flows forward to end of the capital project duration.   The figure attained by the modified internal rate of return method is the one that portrays the present value of all cash outflows together with the future value of all cash inflows. The internal rate of return weakness that is mitigated by this method, which is also outlined in the next section, is the multiple root problem that is encountered when discounting cash outflows to the present date. 1.3 Advantages and Limitations of Capital Project Evaluation Methods The adoption of discounting, which adheres with the time value of money principle, which takes into account important business and economic factors such as the inflation rate, the risk-free component, general risk premium and property-specific risk premium is considered both by the internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return technique and net present value method.   Even though they are more complex in nature and require more technical calculations, these three methods provide valuable financial information of a much better quality due to such feature. When the capital projects evaluated are not mutually exclusive and can be considered independently during the valuation, the net present value method and the internal rate of return approach will provide identical results, leading to the same decision.   However, the scale of the project is properly considered by the former capital expenditure appraisal model, because it is an absolute measure of the project’s financial return.   On the contrary, the internal rate of return system adopts a relative measure to the project’s size and cash flow timing in relation to initial capital expenditure.   Therefore when projects are mutually exclusive and ranking is necessary in the business valuation, these two methods may provide dissimilar results.   The net present value method provides financial information of greater quality in such instances because it directs towards the capital project that holds the highest increase in financial wealth for the organization.   In addition, the ranking exercise is much easier to apply when the net present value method is adopted for mutually exclusive projects. The internal rate of return model can also provide misleading information when cash flows are non-conventional in the capital project examined.   In such cases, a nil or a vast number of internal rates of return may be derived, which would render the application of such method useless.   This problem does not apply to the net present value method. Even thought, the internal rate of return method had been improved by the adoption of the modified internal rate of return technique the net present value method is still the best method that an organization can adopt in order to value its capital projects.   We ought to keep in mind that only one limitation is removed with the application of the modified internal rate of return method.   In this section more were noted, that may provide inaccurate financial information leading to wrong decisions. References: Brockington B. R. (1993). Financial Management. Sixth Edition. London: DP Publications. Drury C. (1996). Management and Cost Accounting. Fourth Edition. New York: International Thomson Business Press. Lucey T. (2003). Management Accounting. Fifth Edition. Great Britain: Biddles Limited. Randall H. (1999).   A Level Accounting.   Third Edition.   Great Britain:   Ashford Colour Press Ltd. How to cite The Net Present Value method, Essay examples

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